The science that scrutinizes substance is called chemistry. The springs of modern chemistry come from the ancient times. It used to be called alchemy - there were the efforts to turn iron into gold. Today chemistry just scrutinizes the components of various substances, their atomic levels and the processes which occur while different substances are being combined. What is more, chemistry as a science is concerned with providing an explanation for the forenamed phenomena in the form of a law. Chemistry cooperates quite closely with biology and physics.
That science is divided into inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, physical chemistry and some other more narrow spheres.
Analytical Chemistry Chemistry Chemistry Science Materials Science Organic Chemistry